

CHRONOLOGY OF CRUSADES
and some more...
by me. If You are interested in Byzantine history, You may find out
that it is mostly chronology of Steven Runcinman's "History of the 
crusades", although I've cut out many things and add some...


313- Edict of Mediolanum.
324-37- Reign of Constantin The Great.
325- Synod in Nicea. Arius condemned.
326/7- Succesful looking for the Holy Grave by empress Helena.
327-35- Empress Helena builts church of the Holy Grave (Sepulchre if You want).
330- "Foundation" of the Constantinople. 
381- Second condemn of Arius on synod in Constantinople (I)
431- Nestorius condemned at synod in Ephesos.
451- Synod in Chalcedon: Monophisit's Church.
     Foundation of patriarchat in Jerusalem.   
532-37- Hagia Sophia is being built.
602- Emperor Mauritius killed by Focas; war between Byzantines and Persians.
622- Mahomet's escape from Mecca.
626- Abbey in St-Denis, near Paris, founded.
632- The death of Mahomet.
636- Moslems defeat Byzantines over Al-Jarmuk river.
637- Arabs capture Jerusalem.
   - Moslems defeat Persians in battle of Al-Quadisijja and conquer Mesopotamia.
638- Arabs capture Antioch.
   - Moslems defeat Sasanids near Nahawand and conquer Persia. 
   - "Ekthesis" by Heraclius; Monoergetism and Monotheletism (later). 
639- Arabs capture Caesarea.
     Moslems attack Byzantine Egypt.
640- Byzantines defeated near Heliopolis.
641- Arabs capture Babilon (old Cairo).
642- Moslems capture Alexandria.
645- Byzantines liberate Alexandria, but loose it once again after a battle of Al-Fustat.
648- Edict "Typos".
655- Byzantine navy defeated by Arabs.
674-8- Siege of Constantinople by Arabs; Arabs are defeated.
675- Greek fire invented. 
680-681- Second synod in Constantinople; Monotheletism condemned.
691- caliph Abd Al-Malik builds Qubbath as-Sakhra and maybe mosque el-Aqsa.
692- Byzantines, which used to be from year 678 somekind of senior of Arabs, try to destroy
     them completely, but are completely defeated near Sebastea.
699- Arabs capture Carthago.
711- Moslems enter Iberian penisula.
712- Moslems capture Toledo.
715- Arabs defeated in battle of Constantinople.
720- Moslems capture Narbonne.
732- Battle of Poitiers.
750- Foundation of Abbasid Caliphat in Baghdad. End of Ummajjad caliphat in Damascus
     (Ummajjads escape to Spain).
800- Charlemagne becomes the emperor of Western Europe.
801- Foundation of Catalonian markgravy.
827-31- Moslems conquer Sicily. 
867- Commencement of "Eastern Schism"; Focius.
909- foundation of Fatimid caliphat.
910- Abbey in Cluny founded by William Aquitanian.
945-69- Byzantine emperor Nicefor Fokas conquers North Mesopotamia and Syria.
974-75- Byzantine emperor John Tzimiskes conquers North Palestine (His very,very real 
        plans of liberating Jerusalem were interrupted first by brave defence of Tripoli,
        later by his death.How unfortunate!) 
996-1021- Reign of caliph Al-Hakim; Christians persecuted. Beginnings of Druse church.
1054- symbolic date of "Eastern Schism" (patriarch Michael Celarius, cardinal Humbert de
      Mourmoutiers).
1059- Alliance between the pope and Italian Normans (Robert Guiscard).
1061-91- Normans conquer Sicily.
1064- Byzantines end their conquest of Armenia.
1070- foundation of Brotherhood of St.John (later-Hospitaliers) in Jerusalem.
1071- Byzantine army of emperor Roman Diogenes crushed by Seljuk Turks near Manatzkert.
      Turks begane their conquest of Anatoly.
    - Atsiz Ibn Abak capture Jerusalem.  
1079- Jerusalem captured by Tutus.
1081- Alexius Comnenos becomes the emperor of Byzantine Empire.
    - Foundation of Asassins "Order".
1095- Synod in Clermont- pope Urban II proclames crusade.
1096- Start of the first crusade. Byzantines liberate Nicea. 
1097- Crusaders defeat Turks near Doryleum.
1098- Balduin takes over control of Edessa.
    - Crusaders capture Antioch, from that time ruled by Boemund.
      Conflict between Crusaders and Byzantines.
    - Fatimids regain control over Jerusalem.  
1099- Crusaders capture Jerusalem. Gotfrid becomes " The Defender Of The Holy Grave".
      Fatimids defeated near Ascalon.
1100- Baldu(w?)in de Boulogne, count of Edessa, becomes the king of Jerusalem.
1101- Crusaders from Europe crushed by Turks in battles of Merzifon and Heraclea.
1105- Raymund de Toulouse (one of most respected -and the most honest- leaders of the first
      crusade) dies during the siege of Tripoli (He wanted it to be his private posession).
1109- Bertrard de Toulouse captures tripoli and becomes its duke.
1115- Abbey in Clairvaux (Clara Vallis) founded (St.Bernard).
1118- Foundation of the Brotherhood Of The Temple (later Templars).
    - Cisters become the separate order. 
1120- Hospitaliers- Brotherhood of St.John founded.
    - New order- Norbertans (Premonstratens).
1128- Foundation of German hospital brotherhood (later - Teutonic Knights).
    - Zanki captures Aleppo.
1143- New Byzantine emperor, Manuel I, begins his reign.
1144- Zanki captures Edessa.
1145- Pope Eugenius III proclaims new crusade.
1146- Nur ad-Din (Nuradin) captures (liberated earlier) Edessa.
      St.Bernard calls for a new crusade.
1147- The second crusade begins (king of France Louis VII and king of Germany Conrad)
1148- King of France, Louis VII, comes to Palestine.
    - Crusaders bitten back from Damascus.
1150- Emperor Manuel I buys the shreds of former Edessa state...
1151- ...which are soonly conquered by Moslems.
1153- Balduin III captures Ascalon.
    - Renaud de Chatillon becomes the prince of Antioch.
1163-69- King Amalric I tries to conquer Egypt.
1170- Manuel Comnenos banns (those survived of the riot) Venetians out of Empire
1171- Saladin liquidates Fatimid Caliphat in Cairo.
1174- Nur ad-Din dies. Saladin captures Damascus.
1175- Finally, Egypt and Syria united by Saladin.
1176- Emperor Manuel I defeated by Turks near Myriokefalon.
1177- Baldwin IV The Leprous (pour little one...) defeats Saladin near Mont-Giscard.
1182- Chingis-Khan begins his reign.
1187- Saladin wins the battle of Hittin and conquers most of Outremer, with Jerusalem.
1189- The third crusade (H.R.Empire- Frederick Barbarossa, England- Richard Lion-Hearted,
      France- Filip II August).
1189-91- Siege of Acre.
1190- Frederick Barbarossa drowns in Salef river (in Cilicia, on the way to Seleukia).   
1191- Richard conquers Cyprus. 
    - Crusaders capture Acre.
    - battle of Arsuf.
1192- Cyprus becomes a kingdom ruled by Lusignan dynasty.
1193- Saladin dies.
1195- Pope Innocence III proclaims the third crusade against Moslems in Spain.
1202- Start of the fourth crusade (Enrico Dandolo, Bonifacius of Monferratto, Balduin of 
      Flandria).
    - German crusaders start conquering Inflants.  
1204- Crusaders, lead by Wenetian ruler Enrico Dandolo, attacks Byzantium,
      conquers Constantinople, and establishes new Latinist countries on
      Empire's territory (Latinist Empire, kingdom of Tessalonica...)
      Byzantines create empire of Nicea, empire of Trebizond, and despotate
      of Epirus, not minding some smaller byzantine states on Rodos island
      and Morea
1211-25- Teutonic knights in Transilvania (Hungarian at the time).
1215- Laterian Sinod, project of the fifth crusade.
1212- Crusade of the children.
1215- The fifth crusade.
1218- cardinal Pelagius with crusaders lands near Damietta.
1219- Crusaders capture Damietta and disagree with sultans project of change:
      Damietta for Jerusalem and all Palestine.
    - St.Franciscus visits sultan Al-Kamil.
1221- Crusaders leave Damietta.
1223- Mongols defeat Russians near Kaka river and subdue most of Russian duchies.
1225/6- Konrad Mazowiecki (Conrad of Masovia) imports Teutonic Knights (banned from Hungaria) to 
        Poland. They start conquering Prussia.
1226- (Saint later) Louis IX of France begins his reign.
1227- Chingis-Khan dies.
1228- Private crusade by excommunicated Holy Roman emperor Frederick II.
1229- Frederick II peacefully liberates Jerusalem.
1236- Ferdinand III captures Cordoba.
1241- European army destroyed by Mongols near Legnica (in Poland, my dear Silesia).
1244- Francs loose Jerusalem.
1248- The sixt crusade starts...
1249- Louis IX lands near Damietta.
    - Mamelucks take over control of Egypt.
1250- French capture Damietta, but are defeated by Egyptians near Al-Mansura,
      and for releasing st.Louis from dungeons (where he got to after the battle)
      they leave it.
1258- Mongols capture Baghdad and liquidate Abbasid caliphat.
1260- Mongols defeated by Mamluks near Ajn Djalut.
    - Baybars becomes the sultan of Egypt.

HERE THIS SCENARIO STARTS

1261- Michael VIII Paleolog's Byzantines liberates Constantinople and liquidates Latin empire.
    - Nimfaion treaty between Byzantines and Genuans. 
    - alliance between Byzantines and Egyptians
1263- Baybars destroyes church in Nazareth
1265- Baybars capture latin Caesarea, Hayfa and Arsuf.
1266- Baybars captures Safad, important fortress of Templars.
    - egyptian expedition crushes armenian forces, capital, Sis,
      is plundered.
1268- Baybars capture Yaffa, Belfort, and Antioch.
1269- Union between Cyprus and "Jerusalemian" kingdom.
    - Nubians attack egyptian port of Ayzab
1270- The seventh crusade. Louis IX dies near Tunis.
      English king Eduard I comes to Palestine.
1271- Baybars capture Krak des Chevaliers.
1276- Baybars' Egyptians subdue Nubia.
1277- Baybars defeats Mongols under Elbistan, and capture
      for some turkish capital, Kayseri, and claims himself
      sultan of Al-Rum. Due to indifference of the Turks,
      he returns to his country and dies in Damascus.
1281- Mogol invasion on Syria halted after Hims battle.
1282- "Sicilian vespers"
1284- Michael Paleolog dies
1289- Mamelucks (Baybars) capture Tripoli.
1291- Mamluks (Al-Asraf Chalil) capture Acco, Tyre, Sidon, Beyrut, Hayfa, Tortosa, Aslis
      and everything else except Arvad island.
1292- Al-Asraf Chalil conquers Kalat ar-Rum, residence city of armenian patriarch.
      Armenians cede to Egyptians fortresses/cities of Bahasna, Maras, Tall Hamdun. 
1302- Last Latinists' fortress in Syria, belonging to knights Tempars island of Arvad
      (Ancient Fenician city of Arados) finally captured by Moslems. 
1306- Templars accused of heresy
1306-8 Hospitaliers conquer (Byzantine...) Rodos.
1308- Teutonic knights conquer Polish Pomorze Wschodnie (East Pomerania; ger.Pommerrellen or 
      sth. like that).
1312- Templar Order liquidated.
1326- Turks capture Brusa
1329- Turks capture Nicea
1337- Turks capture Nicomedia
1337- Turks conquer most of Cilicia.
1344- crusaders capture Smyrna (Izmir).
1345-7 "crusade" of Hubert II, French noble.
1354- Turks enter Europe (Galipolis).
1355- Turks capture Adrianople, their new capital.
1361- Cyprians capture Attalea.
1364- Kings' of Europe congress in Cracow (in that time the capital of Poland).
      All kings promess to go on crusade to help kingdom of Cyprus, threatened by Mamelucks.
      Participants:
      Kazimierz (Casimir) Wielki (The Great), king of Poland; Carl IV, Holy Roman emperor;
      Ludwik (Louis) Anjou, king of Croatia and Hungary, later also Poland (well, He was 
      "a king of Bulgaria, Serbia..." too). In Hungary He is known as The Great, in Poland-
      Wgierski (Hungarian) or Andegaweski (Anjou)/; Otto, margrave of Brandenburg;
      Polish princes of lsk (Silesia) and Mazowsze (Masovia).  
1365- crusade lead by Peter I, king of Cyprus ("and Jerusalem") capture and plunder Alexandria.	
1365-7 Amadeus VI, ruler of Sabaudia, comes to support Byzantines.
1368- Turks liquidate Bulgarian kingdom in Vidin.
1371- Turks conquer (most of) Bulgaria.
1375- Mamelucks conquer most of Cilicia.
1380- Moscowians (Russians) defeat Mongols in battle of Kulikowe Pole.
1389- Serbs loose a battle of Kosowe Pole. Serbia (mostly) conquered by Turks.
1390- Louis II, prince of Burbonia, leads a crusade against Al-Mahdijja.
1391- Duchy of Wooszczyzna (south Rumunia) becomes a fief of Turkey.
1393- Turks conquer most of Bulgaria.
1395- Turks capture Dobruda kingdom (nowdays a coast of Rumunia)
1396- colossal crusade lead by Sigimundus  Luxemburg, king of Bohemia,
      Croatia, Hungary, "Poland", Holy Roman emperor etc... crushed by even bigger 
      army of sultan Bayesid "The Lightning" (who was recently sieging Constantinople) 
      near Nicoplis.
1399- Polish- Lituanian "crusade" against Moslem Mongols of The Golden Horde
      defeated in battle of Worskla [as wife of Wadysaw (Ladislas) II Jagieo,
      king that was leading this expedition, saint Jadwiga (lat.Hedugis) Andegaweska
      (Anjou) wanted it to be].
1401- Turkish empire almoust destroyed after victorious for Tamerlan battle of
      Ancara (Constantinople was just sieged by the Turks).
1410- Teutonic knights defeated by Polish-Lithuanian forces under Grunwald.
1422- Constantinople once again sieged by the Turks.
1424- Egyptians invade Cyprus and pillage city of Limassol
1426- Egyptians defeat Cyprians on sea and on land and pillage cyprian capital, Nicosia;
      cyprian king is thrown to dungeon, but released afterwards, as Cyprus becomes a fief
      of Mamluk Sultanate.
1430- Turks capture Thessalonica.
1431-35- Synod in Florence; "union" between Roman and Byzantine churches.  
1439- Emperor John VIII promises that He'll force his church to unite with
      the Roman-Catholic one.
1443- Expedition by Wadysaw (Ladislas) Jagielloczyk (Jagiellonian), king of Poland, 
      Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, defeats Turks near Nissus, captures for example Sofia. 
1444- Wadysaw Jagielloczyk , leads a unfortunate crusade against Turks and is killed 
      in battle of Varna.
1451- Letter of Constantine, byzantine emperor, to ottoman sultan Mehmed becomes a pretext
      for sieging Constantinople. Mehmed builds Rumeli Hisar castle on Cple suburbs.
1453- Turks capture Constantinople.
1454-66- Thirteen years war between Poland and Teutonic knights. Poland regains Pomorze and
         part of Prussia.Teutonic knights country in Prussia becomes a fief of Poland.
1454- "The promise of pheasant"; Filip The Good, prince of Burgundy, promises to organize
      a crusade.
    - Serbian ruler George Brankowic must give Turkey a half of his lands.
1456(about)- crusade by pope Calixt III conquers Naxos, Lemnos and Samothrake islands
           - John Hunyady, general of Hungary, succesfully defends Belgrad from the Turks.
           - Turks anect Athens.
1456-62- prince of Wooszczyzna (a fief of Turkey), Vlad (Dracula), becomes (up to his death)
         independant from Turkey.
       - Moldavia, which still is a fief of Poland and sometimes of Hungary, becomes a fief of
         Turkey. 
1458- Turks anect Byzantine Corinth. 
1459- All Serbia conquered by Turks, as well as Imbros, Tenedos, Lemnos islands and Enos city.
1460- Turks anect Thebes.
1461- Turks capture Byzantine Trebizond.

HERE SCENARIO ENDS

1462- Turks capture Lesbos island
1463- Turks conquer Bonia and Hercegowina.
1464- pope Pius II (Eneas Silvius Piccolomini) dies, not knowing about the end of his
      -how sad- crusade.
1468- After the death of George Skanderberg, Turks conquer Albania. 
1475- Turks capture colony of Genua, a fief of Poland-Lithuania, south Crym.
      Crym Khanat becomes a fief of Turkey. 
1484- Turks anect south Moldavia, Budziak.
1492- Spain conquers Granada.
1508- Mamluks defeat portuguese fleet
1509- Portuguese defeat mamluk fleet in battle of Diu. 
1514- Turks, after the battle of Tebriz, conquer some of Armenia and Mesopotamia.
1516- Turks and Egyptians unite their forces against Portugeese and capture yemenian
      city of Zabid.
    - Turks (Selim the Cruel) capture all mamluk posessities in Asia (Cilicia, Syria, Palestine...)
1517- Turks conquer Egypt (+Nubia, Hijaz)
    - Turks capture Belgrad... 
    - ...and Barqa
1522- Turks capture Hospitaliers' island of Rodos.
1525- Secularization of Teutonic knights in Prussia.
1526- Trurks, after a battle of Mohacz, when king of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary, Ludwik
      (Luis) Jagielloczyk (Jagiellonian) dies, conquer most of Hungary, with its capital, 
      Buda. 
    - Turks conquer Polish-Lithuanian coast of the Black Sea, Jedysan.
1534- Turks conquer central Mesopotamia, part of Armenia and Kurdistan.
1541- Turkey subdue Transilvania.
1546- Turks conquer south Mesopotamia. 
1551- Turks conquer Tripolitania.
1555- West Georgia subdued by Turks.
1571- Western navy defeats Turks near Lepanto.
1573- Wenetia gives Cyprus to Turkey.
1574- Tunesia becomes a fief of Turkey.
1578-607- Turks capture Shirvan- north Azerbeydzan.
1590- Turks conquer south Azerbeydzan, east Georgia and Luristan.
1612- Turks loose south Azerbeydzan.
1619- Polish-Lithuanian "army"(Lisowczycy), set off by king Zygmunt (Sigimundus) III Waza
      [He was also nominal (Swedes have rebelled, naughty nation...) king of Sweden] save
      Austria (They defeated rebelled against Habsburgs Hungarians and forced Them to stop
      sieging Wien).
1620- Polish hetman Jan (John) kiewski, despite the lack of king's approval, enters
      Turkish territory in Moldavia. He lost battle near Cecora, but, as His army was still
      in order, He still marched about 150 km. to the Polish border, when about 5 km from
      the goal, terrified soldiers begun to escape. To emphasise He won't escape, He has
      killed His horse (was that really necessary?) and has died, saying that He'll "cover 
      Polish borders with His body". Rubbish. His head was traditionally cut off, but
      this 70-years old man was quite respected, and His head was situated in sultan's
      palace, as it was "the only place which deserved it". 
1621- A great Turkish army, leaded personally by sultan Osman II in order to conquer all
      of Poland-Lithuania, defeated in battle (first) of Chocim. Pope establishes new
      holiday in memory of "Salvation of Christianity".
1629- First siege of Wien by Turks.
1636- Turks loose Luristan.
1669- Turks capture Crete.
1672- Thanks to the ongoing civil war and to the betrayal of Austria, Turks subdue nominally
      Poland and Lithuania and conquer Podole (west Ukraina) with great fortress Kamieniec
      Podolski. The legend says that one time, during one war between The Republic Of The Both
      Nations (Poland and Lithuania) and Turkey, sultan saw Kamieniec, and, amazed by its 
      fortifications, He asked who has built it. The answer was "perhaps God". The sultan 
      said, then; "So let it be the God Who will be sieging it" and He went elsewhere.
      This time, Turks threatened citizents of the city that They will be killed, if the 
      fortress won't surrender... It worked.     
1673- Poland and Lithuania organize new army which, leaded by hetman John Sobieski [thank God, 
      king Micha (Michael) Korybut Winiowiecki has died one day before the battle] defeats 
      Turkey in second battle near Chocim. Poland and Lithuania regain their independance. 
1683- Holy Roman emperor escapes, as Turks siege His capital, Wien; John Sobieski, which becamed 
      the ruler of Poland-Lithuania, decides to rescue it (although He wanted at the start of his 
      reign to form an alliance with Ottomans) and leads Polish-Lithuanian-German army against 
      the Turks. Victoriously.
1699- Due to the peace in Karowice, Poland regains control over Podole, Wenetia gets Morea,
      (Peloponez penisula; south Greece) Habsburgs- Hungary, Transilvania, Slavonia. 
1709- Turks once again capture (south) Azerbeydzan, Luristan and east Georgia.
1711- Turks subdue (till 1739) Zaporoe (central Ukraina)  
1718- Habsburgs liberate Banat, North Serbia, west Wooszczyzna. Turkey regains control over 
      Morea.
1735- Turks once again loose Azerbeydzan.
1739- Turks regain control over west Wooszczyzna and north Serbia.
1783- Russians conquer Crym.
1792- Russians conquer Jedysan.
1804-13- independant (north) Serbia
1817-33 autonomic (north) Serbia 
1812- Russians conquer some of Moldavia.
1829- autonomic Wooszczyzna
1832- independant Greece
1853-5- Cryme war.
1859/62- Wooszczyzna and Moldavia unite, creating Rumunia.
1878- Autonomic (north) Bulgaria.
    - Austro-Hungary occupate Bonia and Hercegowina.
    - Turkey loose Cyprus
1881- Turkey loose Tunesia.
1898- Autonomic Crete.
1908- Independant (all) Bulgaria. 
1912- Turkey loose Greece.
1912-3- I Balkanian war; Turks loose most of Their European lands.
1915- Holocaust of Armenians by Turks.
1919-20- II Balkanian war; Turks liberate Adrianople (Edirne)
1920- Turks loose Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordania, Arabia, Mesopotamia.
1920-2- War between Turkey and Greece; 
        Greeks occupy big territory almost up to Ancara, but, finally, Turks
        retake all Anatoly and east Tracia. 
1921- Turks reconquer some of Armenia (Kars).
etc 
